
How to Study IB ESS: Essential Tips and Tricks
Learn how to study IB ESS with essential revision tips from an expert tutor, covering definitions, command terms, case studies, and exam structure for success.
Although ESS is only available at the standard level, it can often be tricky to get your head around (especially as higher-level subjects start to demand more and more of your time). That being said, once you get the hang of it, ESS can become a really fun subject that helps you understand the world you live in. Below are some tricks to help you along the way!
Learn definitions
Like most IB subjects, ESS has key concepts and definitions that you are required to learn. Knowing these definitions establishes your basis of knowledge in the subject and ensures you don’t lose those easy exam points! Find the review method that works for you; is it flashcards? Quizlet? Vocal study/quizzing your friends? We all learn in different ways, so once you find the one that sticks, take a deep breath, sit down, and get to work.
Contextualise with case studies
The great thing about ESS is that the content you learn is very relatable to what you see around you. Reading the case studies in the textbook and finding your own examples of how the ESS concepts fit into your understanding of the world will help you master the content. Remember also that Paper 1 is all based on a single case study. While you can never predict what the case study you get will be, reading through different ones will mean you are comfortable dealing with ESS in context.
Know your command terms
The ESS exam questions are written in a very specific way and examiners will be looking for you to provide an answer that aligns with this. Knowing your command terms (ex, what is the difference between explain and outline?) means you’ll be sure not to miss out vital information from the mark scheme. Being comfortable with command terms will allow you to move through the short answer questions faster, leaving more time to formulate answers to the longer essay questions.
Know the exam structure
Studying and understanding the content in ESS is vital, and the whole point of taking the course. However, in order to truly prepare for the exam, you are going to have to get comfortable with the exam structure. Did you know that for Paper 1, you’re already given all the information you need to answer the questions? Make sure you look through lots of practice papers to get nice and comfortable with what each section will be asking for. Different parts of the exam are worth different number of points, and you might decide to skip over a question you don’t know to make extra time for the essay questions. These kinds of exam strategies will help build confidence and mean a smooth-sailing exam experience.
Systems thinking; everything is connected!
This is an important mindset to have for ESS. You won’t be tested on different topics individually and will be required to connect different aspects of the course in the exam. Don’t forget about your atmosphere while you’re studying soil. It may surprise you how interconnected they are!
The IB is never easy, but I promise it can be done. Remembering these ESSentials will help you get ESS under control! If you want more in-depth support, get some personalised help to crack down on exactly what you’re struggling with!

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Why Lanterna?
IB Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS) is unique because it combines elements of both Group 3 (Individuals and Societies) and Group 4 (Sciences). This interdisciplinary nature requires students to connect concepts from various fields, which can be tricky, especially when balancing it with demanding Higher Level subjects.
They are extremely important! Knowing key definitions ensures you grasp fundamental concepts and don't lose easy marks. Understanding command terms (like 'explain' vs. 'outline') is crucial for structuring your answers correctly and addressing the specific requirements of each question, which examiners look for to award full marks.
Case studies are vital for contextualising ESS concepts. Paper 1 is entirely based on a single case study, so practicing with various examples helps you apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios. It also develops your "systems thinking" by showing how different environmental aspects are interconnected.
Systems thinking is fundamental to ESS. It means understanding that everything is interconnected – from ecosystems to human societies. The exams will test your ability to link different topics and show how changes in one area can impact others. Adopting this mindset helps you build comprehensive and insightful answers that score highly.
Yes, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS) is unique in that it is only offered at the Standard Level (SL). Despite being SL, it's a rigorous and comprehensive subject that fulfills both Group 3 (Individuals and Societies) and Group 4 (Sciences) requirements, making it a popular choice for many students.
Lanterna's expert tutors, many of whom scored 40+ in the IB or have examiner experience, can provide personalised support for ESS. We help you master definitions, understand complex case studies, refine your exam technique for Paper 1 and 2, and develop strong systems thinking skills to excel in the subject.
The Lanterna IB consultation is a free, no-pressure 20-30 minute session with an IB Student Success Expert. It's designed to help you clarify your current situation, understand your challenges in subjects like ESS, and walk away with a personalised plan for what to focus on next to improve your performance.
Yes, the consultation is completely free, and there is absolutely no obligation to book tutoring afterwards. Our primary goal is to provide valuable guidance and a clear plan to help you succeed in the IB, whether you choose to continue with Lanterna or not. It's about giving you clarity and confidence.
Our Student Success Experts are highly experienced professionals with deep knowledge of the IB Diploma Programme. The consultation is for anyone involved in the IB journey – students, parents, or both together – who want to gain clarity, address concerns, and get expert advice on navigating the IB, including specific subjects like ESS.
Absolutely. Our tutors are skilled in breaking down the ESS exam structure, including Paper 1 case studies and Paper 2 essay questions. We can teach you effective time management techniques, how to approach different question types, and strategies to maximise your marks, ensuring you feel confident and prepared for your exams.
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